Energy – Mission and Vision
Our mission is to find solutions in systematic problems in energy in our country, primarily focusing on the gasification and renewable sources of energy. The main role of the work is detailed analyses of the conditions for energy sustainability on local, national and regional level. The connection between research and analysis is with the right balance of quality and quantity in solutions to the most pressing problems. Regarding the laws and rules, as well as protecting human rights and ethical principles for all living beings, the mission is towards the development of plan and strategy in utilizing energy either from sources with less pollution or from renewable sources for energy.
Nowadays energy supplies have become more expensive than ever before. It is essential for modern economies to have cheap energy. Considering the social inclusion in developing countries and the fact that not all people are ready to afford expensive bills for using energy, the idea of this mission is to contribute in finding solutions in supplying energy for that category of people who are vulnerable and marginalized in society.
The vision is mostly focused on bridging the real condition in the country with the modern trends in the world with the use of gasification and renewable sources of energy, as well as to develop a plan for energy sustainability.
The main idea is to practice energy security which means availability of energy sources to be at an affordable price. It is also important to have a well organized strategy including energy consumption of natural resources with national security approval. The energy security includes many dimensions such as long- and short-term and energy security. The first strategy deals with the economic developments and sustainable environments needs. The balance in sudden changes in energy system is included in short-term energy security. Lack of energy security is linked to not competitive prices and influence negatively on the economy and society in general.
The strategy should be focused on rapid development of renewable energy due to the energy efficiency which is expected to influence positively on economy with the significant impact in energy security. The projects are considered to support people in the county to use alternative sources of energy and to increase their conscience of the environment.
Natural gas
Natural gas is naturally occurring hydrogen gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, ethane, and it also includes propane, butane, and sometimes with the small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide.
Increasing population and economic growth demand energy. Natural gas has significant environmental advantages as an energy source. Nowadays many studies for biomass gasification have been studied widely as an efficient and sustainable technology. In the world, natural gas has became a good source of energy which is produced using either thermogenic method under the Earth’s surface or using biogenic method form organisms located in marshes and landfills. These positive practices should be implemented in the country where energy is expensive.
For example, the transportation can be safely from the sources of extraction to the end consumer using specially designed tankers. In the comparison to petroleum, less short-term vulnerabilities are present with the use of natural gas. Costs for producing electricity or heat can be reduced significantly with natural gas. The benefits of its use are included in the contribution for a higher conversion efficiency leading to lower loss of energy than other fuels. Among the other characteristics are the low costs, speed of system construction, and the flexibility of use. One of the uses of natural gas is for generating electricity.
The flexibility of the natural gas enables to develop and to use renewable sources. The sudden changes in demand or supply can be switched on or off with the use of natural gas. This can be good basic in the countries with renewable sources of energy such as wind and energy from the sunlight. The heat in the houses can be done with the combination of using natural gas and solar energy.
Applications of natural gas include, but are not limited to commercial, domestic, and industrial consumers. In addition, the reduction of greenhouse gas is as result of using natural gas. The emission of carbon dioxide is 25% less in the comparison to petroleum fuels. The effect of using natural gas is for cleaner environment and healthier ambient air.
Renewable energy
The renewable energy is obtained from renewable resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, waves, and geothermal heat. The energy efficiency is dependent on renewable resources over wide geographical areas. The benefits of using renewable energy are included in energy security, climate change mitigation, and economy. The efficiency and cheap renewable energy systems enable to be used in many regions. The global health of the population is expected to improve with reducing the pollution using this kind of energy. In developing countries, especially in rural areas is worth to implement renewable energy which is expected to have a significant positive impact. A challenge to use renewable energy can be corrected in comparison to cost consuming energy and the influence can be directly on economics and social development in communities.
Energy – sustainable and renewable sources
One of the directions for the development of economy is based on how well the energy is being used. The energy itself is essential for everyday living. Our activities influence to utilize different types of energy which most of them are untenable. The importance of developing sustainable energy systems is not only for a certain period, but it is important for future generations. First of all, the sustainable energy system must respond to demand, especially for those target groups who are currently disabled to use modern energy sources. It is also important that implementing contemporary energy sources should recover cost, generate surplus for maintenance and investments, and to be with in accordance to environmental and social norms. Secondly, the renewable sources should include facilities such as energy availability, security, efficiency, production of the energy, and stability to the user. It is worth to mention that the accessible use to all users is with the necessary to adjust the price of energy, reduce dependence on imports, and control the emission of gases in order to preserve the quality of air, water and soil. The cost of one country is dependent of the production of solid waste and balance of the forecast of energy. It is important to take into account and predict such costs which are results from individual sectors, such as road transport, agriculture, household and energy consumption and emissions. It is notable that the energy sustainability can be determined with monitoring the energy consumption and emission profiles in determined time intervals. The improvement of air quality, reduction of global warming, protection of public health can be done with continuous low production of carbon dioxide with the use of renewable sources of energy. In the defined well-organized plan, certain parameters such as fuel consumption, waste treatment technology, waste emissions estimates and forecasts for future purposes should be considered.
The sustainable energy is described in guidelines as a strategy using low carbon in the production and less fuel imports dependence. For this purpose, it is of particular importance to determine the effective ways for decision makers to increase energy security and reducing energy costs from local pollution. The real and practical opportunities including socio-economic, environmental and security side are important for the future of energy.
The main objective of the assessment and utilization of renewable sources is with the accordance of macroeconomics. The potential from renewable sources of energy is important in designing the plan with the environmental protection and promotion of ecology at the local and global level, including solar, wind and biomass energy sources. Practices should be encouraged to be designed in such a way to have water and soil rebuilding, and ecosystems for the improvement of water and nutrients, to restore biodiversity and to establish a harmonious relationship in the environment. It should take into account the change in climate and all actions should to be undertaken in order to comply with the existing situation. It should also be in a direction of fully utilization of natural energy sources, to be maintained and to be renewed.
To conclude, the most common forms of energy create significant pollution in the extraction (coal mines), use (greenhouse gases and toxic substances) and removal places (nuclear waste and slag). Evaluation of different forms of energy should take into account in all costs and effects of the production and use of energy. Renewable and sustainable sources include hydropower, wind, and geothermal sources, solar energy and biomass.
Hydropower
One of the leading renewable sources of energy is hydropower with new technologies, such as lake, river and hydrokinetics which can provide enormous amounts of sustainable energy throughout the country. The hydropower industry is committed in better understanding and reducing the impacts of local ecosystems and fish, with annual investments each year in environmental improvements in hydropower plants. Dams should be constructed around the country in such a way that it allows installing fish passages in the movement around dams and between sections of river structures. This is one of many techniques which are used to mitigate changes in the ecosystem. Through investments in research and mitigation projects, hydropower also takes steps to address possible changes in water quality, local habitats or river flows. Operators should have a clear rigorous regulatory and permissible structure that provides hydropower facilities and protects natural resources.
The sustainability project should include in itself all sustainable aspects such as technicians, socio-economic and financial perspectives, and it also should include people who are related to the environment. The benefits from the project itself should be constantly tested in aspects of the foreseen design, hydropower, water quality, public health, cultural heritage, and financial sustainability of the projects. Hydropower should protect ecosystems with a special focus on living beings in water such as fish. The best practices and technologies allow certain fish species to migrate through river systems so they can reserve the aquatic environment for species of fish in the river. New technologies of hydropower should be developed to improve the measures for increasing fish population. The new methodological approaches should include reducing the harmful effects on animals and plants such as improving the reservoir sediment, well-organized management of erosion of rivers, construction of objects for transporting fish, modification of the work of the dam for the restoration of river flows, building of fish hatcheries, controlling the temperature and level of oxygen of water free from dams, and the preservation and rehabilitation of land around reservoirs, rivers and dams.
Wind
The power of the wind was introduced in Sweden in the 1980s, but only in recent years has become a source of energy to be considered. Public opinion has turned and more people consider the expansion of wind power in a positive light. One important reason for positive opinion for wind power is the understanding for the negative consequences of non-renewable energy sources. Global events, such as the Fukushima disaster in Japan and Germany’s decision to end nuclear power by 2022, also affected public opinion. The power of the wind does not have these problems, nor does the hydroelectric power. Energy and wind turbine costs are recovered after about six months of operation, while emissions during work are environmentally neutral, except for limited local impact. When a wind turbine is used, after about 20 years, all the components are recycled and everything that remains at the site is a safe concrete base.
The wind power involves converting wind energy into electricity using wind turbines. Changing in air temperature and pressure results in wind appearance which moves around the surface of the earth. A wind turbine captures the wind to produce energy. The power which turns into electricity is a result of kinetic energy of the movement of the wind turbine. The benefits of wind power are in the power of the wind as a clean source of energy for which it can rely on a long-term future. The wind turbine creates reliable, economical and unpolluted energy which is acceptable, clean and sustainable. A wind turbine may be sufficient to generate energy for a household. Because wind is a source of energy that does not pollute and can be recovered, wind turbines generate power without using fossil fuels. This means that using wind power is towards for not using substances which production is greenhouse gases or radioactive or toxic waste. Regardless of whether the wind turbine is feasible, it depends entirely on the amount of wind resources available in the designated area. The first thing to do is find out the average wind speed in the area.
Geothermal energy
One of the renewable sources of energy is geothermal resources. They can be determined on the time-scales of technological and societal systems. These types of resources usually do not require the geological times of fossil fuel reserves such as coal, oil, and gas. The fluid or heat is extracted as a result of the recovery of high-enthalpy reservoirs. In addition, truly sustainable production can be achieved in doublet and heat pump systems. There are insignificant impacts of the environment to geothermal power and at the same time are controllable, or negligible. The environmental regulations can vary from country to country but they must be in full compliance with standards and law of each country. All effects must be monitored and documented (often over long periods), evaluated and, if necessary, reduced.
Solar energy
Passive and active heating systems are most common two kinds of heating the buildings using solar energy. The first type of heating systems, the passive one is designed to capture sunlight in a structure such as room or building. The capture sunlight turned into low temperatures for use as space heating with utilizing the first type of heating. Greenhouses and energy efficient windows are well-known examples of using solar systems in buildings. It is worth to mention that the choice of types of materials of the buildings help in better utilization of solar energy. These objects should be designed taking account the positions to the other objects and their combination. There must be taken some care of the heat, releasing slowly over the rest of the day and the night. Solar energy is also significant from the aspect of reducing heating costs.
Biomass
A central goal in forest management is due to the concept of sustainable growing diversity of uses and public expectations. Sustainable forest management has yet to be defined; however, it is necessary to develop and upgrade criteria and indicators so that the extent of the forests and activities can be assessed and their management adapted accordingly. These criteria (values) and indicators (value and measurements) are designed to be implemented on a regional, national and international scale. Criteria should be in order to assess human health, productive capacity, biodiversity, soil, water and nutrients. Primarily, gasification is more advantageous because of the conversion of biomass into a combustible gas, making it a more efficient process than other thermochemical processes.